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Planning permission commencement case law

Browse 16 cases in the Planning Geek Case Law Library concerning Planning permission commencement.

Pilkington v Secretary of State for the Environment and Others [1973] 1 WLR 1527

Pilkington inconsistent permissions is the classic authority behind the principle that implementing one planning permission can make an earlier permission incapable of further implementation where the two schemes are physically inconsistent. The case concerned overlapping permissions affecting the same land. Once a later permission for a bungalow had been implemented, the earlier permission could no longer be completed in accordance with its approved scheme.

R (Stephen Luck) v Bracknell Forest Borough Council [2025] EWHC 2984 (Admin)

Luck CIL self-build is an important Planning Court judgment on self-build exemption, commencement and a later disqualifying event where the exempted development was never completed. The court dismissed the challenge to Bracknell Forest’s CIL demand. Once the exempted permission had been commenced, liability had arisen under the statutory scheme, and a later event which meant the original development could no longer be completed was capable of triggering loss of the exemption even though it occurred outside the ordinary clawback period.

R (Friends of the West Oxfordshire Cotswolds) v West Oxfordshire District Council [2024] EWHC 2291 (Admin)

Friends West Oxfordshire section 73 is an important High Court judgment on whether a section 73 permission can be granted after the underlying planning permission has expired, and on the use of an original permission as a fallback. The court quashed the section 73 permission. Because the approval of pre-commencement conditions was later quashed with retrospective effect, the works relied upon had not lawfully commenced the original permission. It had therefore expired before the council purported to vary its conditions.

Herod Property Ltd, R (On the Application Of) v Westminster City Council [2026] EWHC 2122 (Admin)

Herod CIL liability is a major 2026 High Court decision on the zero-charge exception to the Notice of Chargeable Development and Commencement Notice requirements, existing-building evidence and the point at which Community Infrastructure Levy liability crystallises. The court accepted that a developer may itself conclude that the chargeable amount is zero and therefore rely on the statutory notice exception. But the collecting authority is not bound by that view, and commencing development can leave the developer exposed if the authority later reaches a different conclusion on the evidence.

Malvern Hills District Council v Secretary of State for the Environment [1982] JPL 439

Malvern Hills material start is a leading Court of Appeal authority on how little physical work may be needed to commence a planning permission. The court accepted that accurately pegging out part of an approved estate road could amount to an operation in the course of laying out or constructing a road. The important qualification is that the operation must genuinely be carried out as part of the permitted development rather than as a sham or token exercise.